习大大说中国人发明过： 丝绸，瓷器，茶叶，造纸，火药，印刷，指南针

[Leuning]

有不服的吗？

[牛大春]

有不服的吗？

这里面时代最晚的，也已经是宋朝了。

[jack12345]

有不服的吗？

这里面时代最晚的，也已经是宋朝了。

最晚一次的重大发明 是 1498年 发明的牙刷。1500年 以后 再也没有 重大发明了

[wrong]

车轮－巴比伦，水泥－罗马，玻璃－罗马

[grasshopper]

老祖宗牛，更衬托出子孙的不肖。近五百年，中国无论在科学技术艺术文化政治经济上有哪些了不起的原创？

[shepherd17]

中国为什么在古时发明创造领先世界，而到了近代却落后了？这个问题很多历史学家都在研究。在本网站另外一个话题中 Leuning 曾经推荐过一本书：

Guns, Germs, and Steel (作者Jared Diamond)

这部书中的很大篇幅是关于中国的，其中也包括“为什么到了近代中国落后了”这个话题。我不是历史学家，对作者的看法无法作出评估，但我认为他的看法非常有道理。现摘抄原书部分内容供大家参考评论。

Until around A.D. 1450, China was technologically much more innovative and advanced than Europe, even more so than medieval Islam. The long list of Chinese inventions includes canal lock gates, cast iron, deep drilling, efficient animal harnesses, gunpowder, kites, magnetic compasses, movable type, paper, porcelain, printing (except for the Phaistos disk), sternpost rudders, and wheelbarrows. China then ceased to be innovative for reasons about which we shall speculate …
…
Thus, geographic connectedness and only modest internal barriers gave China an initial advantage. North China, South China, the coast, and the interior contributed different crops, livestock, technologies, and cultural features to the eventually unified China. For example, millet cultivation, bronze technology, and writing arose in North China, while rice cultivation and cast-iron technology emerged in South China. For much of this book I have emphasized the diffusion of technology that takes place in the absence of formidable barriers. But China's connectedness eventually became a disadvantage, because a decision by one despot could and repeatedly did halt innovation. In contrast, Europe's geographic balkanization resulted in dozens or hundreds of independent, competing statelets and centers of innovation. If one state did not pursue some particular innovation, another did, forcing neighboring states to do likewise or else be conquered or left economically behind. Europe's barriers were sufficient to prevent political unification, but insufficient to halt the spread of technology and ideas. There has never been one despot who could turn off the tap for all of Europe, as of China.

These comparisons suggest that geographic connectedness has exerted both positive and negative effects on the evolution of technology…

[wrong]

这问题的原因其实就是所谓的黄祸。
蒙古帝国兴起之后，摧毁了中国文明和伊斯兰文明，以及印度文明，
基本欧亚大陆就被横扫
唯一幸存的就是西欧了
之后西欧才能领先

[Koolblabla]

这里面时代最晚的，也已经是宋朝了。

最晚一次的重大发明 是 1498年 发明的牙刷。1500年 以后 再也没有 重大发明了

文艺复兴之后的发明开始走向跨行业协作式发明，传统的手工作坊式的师徒传承无法打破本行业的局限性，无法利用其他行业的知识，基于个人经验的加工制造与改进工艺达到了复杂性的上限，因此很难产生更为复杂的发明，例如复杂金属加工机器。

[牛河梁]

气候变化和欧洲和美洲重新建立联系是两个转折点。

中国为什么在古时发明创造领先世界，而到了近代却落后了？这个问题很多历史学家都在研究。在本网站另外一个话题中 Leuning 曾经推荐过一本书：

Guns, Germs, and Steel (作者Jared Diamond)

这部书中的很大篇幅是关于中国的，其中也包括“为什么到了近代中国落后了”这个话题。我不是历史学家，对作者的看法无法作出评估，但我认为他的看法非常有道理。现摘抄原书部分内容供大家参考评论。

Until around A.D. 1450, China was technologically much more innovative and advanced than Europe, even more so than medieval Islam. The long list of Chinese inventions includes canal lock gates, cast iron, deep drilling, efficient animal harnesses, gunpowder, kites, magnetic compasses, movable type, paper, porcelain, printing (except for the Phaistos disk), sternpost rudders, and wheelbarrows. China then ceased to be innovative for reasons about which we shall speculate …
…
Thus, geographic connectedness and only modest internal barriers gave China an initial advantage. North China, South China, the coast, and the interior contributed different crops, livestock, technologies, and cultural features to the eventually unified China. For example, millet cultivation, bronze technology, and writing arose in North China, while rice cultivation and cast-iron technology emerged in South China. For much of this book I have emphasized the diffusion of technology that takes place in the absence of formidable barriers. But China's connectedness eventually became a disadvantage, because a decision by one despot could and repeatedly did halt innovation. In contrast, Europe's geographic balkanization resulted in dozens or hundreds of independent, competing statelets and centers of innovation. If one state did not pursue some particular innovation, another did, forcing neighboring states to do likewise or else be conquered or left economically behind. Europe's barriers were sufficient to prevent political unification, but insufficient to halt the spread of technology and ideas. There has never been one despot who could turn off the tap for all of Europe, as of China.

These comparisons suggest that geographic connectedness has exerted both positive and negative effects on the evolution of technology…

[Leuning]

最晚一次的重大发明 是 1498年 发明的牙刷。1500年 以后 再也没有 重大发明了

文艺复兴之后的发明开始走向跨行业协作式发明，传统的手工作坊式的师徒传承无法打破本行业的局限性，无法利用其他行业的知识，基于个人经验的加工制造与改进工艺达到了复杂性的上限，因此很难产生更为复杂的发明，例如复杂金属加工机器。

清朝的时候禁止各地造炮，只有皇帝才能够在北京搞研发。后来和缅甸打仗，从北京调炮，由天文台的老专家用几何知识算仰角，打得很准。
但是，为防止造反，严防各地造枪炮。