运动与健康长寿
芬兰通过对22,750名双胞胎几十年的长期研究发现，从事适量运动的人比很少运动的人死亡风险降低了7%，但大量运动或过度锻炼不会带来更多好处。
那些遵循世界卫生组织运动指南从事体育锻炼的人，其死亡率和患遗传病的风险与不怎么锻炼的双胞胎比，并没有明显改善。
生理性衰老与运动呈U型关系；不锻炼或者过度锻炼者衰老最厉害，适度锻炼最佳。
Four distinct sub-groups were identified from the data, which was based on leisure-time physical activity over the 15-year follow-up: sedentary, moderately active, active and highly active groups. When the differences in mortality between the groups were examined at the 30-year follow-up, it was found that the greatest benefit - a 7% lower risk of mortality - was achieved between the sedentary and moderately active groups. A higher level of physical activity brought no additional benefit. When mortality was examined separately in the short and long term, a clear association was found in the short-term: the higher the level of physical activity, the lower the mortality risk. In the long term, however, those who were highly active did not differ from those who were sedentary in terms of mortality.
The researchers also investigated whether following the World Health Organization's physical activity guidelines affects mortality and genetic disease risk. The guidelines suggest 150 to 300 minutes of moderate or 75 to 150 minutes of vigorous activity weekly. The study found that meeting these guidelines did not lower mortality risk or alter genetic disease risk. Even for twins who met the recommended levels of PA over a 15-year period, no statistically significant difference in mortality rates was found compared to their less active twin pair.
"We found that the association between leisure-time physical activity and biological aging was U-shaped: Biological aging was accelerated in those who exercised the least and the most," says Sillanpää.